Multiple Choice
Identify the
choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
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1.
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Eubacteria and archaebacteria differ in
a. | the presence of a nucleus. | c. | the presence of a cell
wall. | b. | size. | d. | the
makeup of their cell walls. |
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2.
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Which of the following is NOT a way in which archaebacteria and eubacteria
differ?
a. | Archaebacteria lack an important carbohydrate found in the cell walls of
eubacteria. | b. | The two groups have very different membrane lipids. | c. | Archaebacteria have
gene sequences that are similar to those of eukaryotes. | d. | Archaebacteria
follow the lytic cycle, while eubacteria follow the lysogenic cycle. |
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3.
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Which of the following are members of the kingdom Archaebacteria?
a. | methanogens | c. | eukaryotes | b. | eubacteria | d. | E. coli |
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4.
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Where are you likely to find a photoautotroph?
a. | in your refrigerator | c. | in your digestive system | b. | in the darkness of
the ocean | d. | near the surfaces
of lakes, streams, and oceans |
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5.
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A method called Gram staining is used to tell
a. | how a prokaryote obtains energy. | c. | what kind of cell wall a prokaryote
has. | b. | whether a prokaryote has flagella. | d. | what shape a prokaryote
has. |
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Figure
19–2
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6.
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Which cell shape in Figure 19–2 is called a coccus?
a. | A | c. | C | b. | B | d. | none of the
above |
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7.
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Some bacteria are able to survive unfavorable conditions by forming
a. | capsids. | b. | endospores. | c. | photoautotrophs. | d. | coccus. |
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8.
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Which of the following can survive either with oxygen or without it?
a. | obligate anaerobes | c. | facultative anaerobes | b. | bacteriophages | d. | obligate aerobes |
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9.
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Which of the following is(are) used to identify prokaryotes?
a. | cell shape | c. | the way prokaryotes move | b. | the way prokaryotes
obtain energy | d. | all of the
above |
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10.
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Unlike photoautotrophs, chemoautotrophs obtain energy
a. | directly from the sun. | c. | indirectly from organic molecules. | b. | directly from
inorganic molecules. | d. | indirectly from other organisms. |
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11.
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Which of the following describes a role of bacteria in the environment?
a. | fixing nitrogen | c. | recycling nutrients | b. | carrying out photosynthesis | d. | all of the
above |
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12.
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Bacteria that break down the nutrients in dead matter into simpler substances
that are taken up by plant roots are called
a. | photoautotrophs. | b. | flagella. | c. | decomposers. | d. | endospores. |
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13.
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Bacteria living in extreme environments may be a good source of
a. | antibiotics. | c. | nitrogen-fixing bacteria. | b. | Gram
stains. | d. | heat-stable
enzymes. |
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14.
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Humans use bacteria to
a. | clean up small oil spills. | c. | synthesize
drugs. | b. | mine minerals from the ground. | d. | all of the
above |
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15.
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Nitrogen fixation involves each of the following EXCEPT
a. | soybeans. | c. | fertilizer. | b. | Rhizobium. | d. | nodules on
roots. |
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16.
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Which of the following structures is not found in bacteria?
a. | nuclear membrane | c. | ribosome | b. | cytoplasm | d. | cell membrane |
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17.
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Which of the following lacks a nucleus?
a. | a plant cell | b. | an animal cell | c. | an amoeba | d. | a
virus |
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18.
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What is the basic structure of a virus?
a. | a tail sheath surrounded by tail fibers | c. | a capsid surrounded by a protein
coat | b. | DNA or RNA surrounded by a protein coat | d. | a tiny cell surrounded by a cell
wall |
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19.
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Which of the following characteristics of living things is NOT true about
viruses?
a. | able to reproduce | c. | contain genetic material | b. | obtain and use
energy | d. | evolve over
time |
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20.
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The instructions for making new copies of a virus are
a. | a part of a virus’s capsid. | c. | found only in
bacteriophages. | b. | coded in surface proteins attached to the protein coat. | d. | coded in either RNA or
DNA. |
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21.
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A viral capsid functions to
a. | force a host cell to make copies of the virus. | b. | transcribe viral
genes. | c. | destroy a host cell. | d. | bind the virus to the surface of a host
cell. |
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22.
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The outer protein coat of a virus is called a
a. | tail sheath. | b. | bacteriophage. | c. | capsid. | d. | DNA
core. |
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23.
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All viruses are made of proteins and
a. | nucleic acids. | c. | bacteriophages. | b. | prophages. | d. | endospores. |
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24.
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Viruses
a. | are all about the same size. | b. | vary greatly in size and
structure. | c. | rarely contain DNA or RNA. | d. | can be seen with a basic compound light
microscope. |
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25.
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During a lytic infection, the host cell is
a. | prepared for the lysogenic cycle. | c. | copied many times
over. | b. | destroyed. | d. | all of the above |
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26.
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Unlike lytic viruses, lysogenic viruses do NOT
a. | enter the lytic cycle. | c. | infect host cells. | b. | lyse the host cell right
away. | d. | inject their genetic
material into the host cell. |
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27.
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A lytic infection concludes with the
a. | embedding of viral DNA into the host cell’s DNA. | c. | production of a
prophage. | b. | production of messenger RNA. | d. | bursting of the host
cell. |
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28.
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Which of the following require a host cell because they are not able to
make proteins on their own?
a. | blue-green algae | c. | protozoans | b. | bacteria | d. | viruses |
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29.
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Food stored in a refrigerator will keep longer because the bacteria that spoil
food
a. | die at low temperatures. | b. | take longer to multiply at low
temperatures. | c. | require light to live. | d. | grow more slowly in the
dark. |
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30.
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Which of the following is a characteristic of bacteria that is key to keeping
them under control?
a. | Most bacteria cannot survive high temperatures for long periods. | b. | Most bacteria are
resistant to harmful chemicals. | c. | Most bacteria form endospores when subjected to
harsh conditions. | d. | Most bacteria do not cause food to
spoil. |
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31.
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Which of the following will NOT kill bacteria?
a. | refrigeration | c. | chemical disinfection | b. | boiling | d. | frying |
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32.
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Prions differ from viruses because
a. | prions do not cause disease. | c. | prions only infect plant
cells. | b. | prions contain no DNA or RNA. | d. | prions do not contain any
protein. |
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